Dog races in alabama. Enthusiasts call it the ‘last great race on Earth. Dog races in alabama

 
 Enthusiasts call it the ‘last great race on EarthDog races in alabama  Get Birmingham Race Course facts and other greyhound racing information at GreyhoundRacing

Admission is free. Greyhound racing track. Section 45-32-150. Male Wiener Dog (1-9 Years) Female Wiener Dog (1-9 Years) Male Senior Wiener Dog (Ages 10 and up - on a shorter. Greyhounds. Includes personality, history, health, nutrition, grooming, pictures, videos and AKC breed standard. . m. § 23-111-303); (K. Mobile Greyhound Racing. For years there have been a handful of road and some trail races that allow you and your favorite K9 companion to run and race side-by-side but. 12Pari-mutuel wagering; hours of racetrack operation and number of races. Albert Fink’s team, driven by John Hegness, was the winner, finishing the course of 412 miles in four days, 23 hours, 15 minutes, and 12 seconds. Sunday – 9am-5pm. 77. m. DOG RACES TICKET. 5 odds, you stake higher on the lower odds and otherwise. 8498 County Road 40. Sat Oct 14, 2023 Little River Canyon Half Marathon Ft. , on May 3, 1963. Running for the Bulls participants are welcome to run/walk with or without a dog. UpDog Events. The dogs finishing first, second and third place in EXACT ORDER. Greyhound Park. Race details can change When we aren't lookin. S. 4 mi $$ - $$$ • Bar. A dog finished in the top ten in the Elkmont Half Marathon – The Trackless Train Trek. I think dog and horse betting. an Alabama native living in the Alaska community of Brushkana. Post time for the first race on a New Year's Eve card will be 1 p. WILLOW, Alaska (AP) — The race to Nome began Sunday for 33 mushers in this year’s Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race in Alaska. Win tickets to see Alabama LIVE at The VBC with Lee Greenwood! Win tickets to see Riley Green LIVE at The VBC! 9K Payday;. There are no operational dog tracks in Alabama. m. relay race filled with events and obstacles. Image Credit: Lumia Studio, Shutterstock. 2100 Gateway Drive, Opelika, AL 36801. By larrytheuniqueone. Unverified Animal Shelters in Alabama. Annual total handle for the race. MOBILE, Ala. With free admission and parking, you can immerse yourself in the excitement without any hassle. 1. Last on our list of small dog rescues in Alabama is the Greater Huntsville Humane Society. Greyhounds were initially bred as hunting dogs to pursue deer, foxes, and rabbits. Toggle menu ‪(510) 255-5501‬. Between 2001 and 2014 there was a 70% decline in the amount gambled by the public on dogs. All Races Find by State; Find by Name; Virtual; Counts; Calendar; Saved; Claimed; Overview; Classic Races Find by State; Find by Name. The chairs are filthy and have cigarette. Named after the historic masonry pentagonal bastion fort located at the mouth of Mobile Bay, Fort Morgan is another excellent dog friendly beach in Alabama. Petersburg’s Derby Lane ends for good Sunday with a 12:30 p. 95-$37. Jessie Holmes, an Alabama native living in the Alaska community of Brushkana, was the first. an Alabama native living in the Alaska community of Brushkana. United Kennel Club (UKC) is an international dog registry celebrating bonds, rewarding ability, and preserving the value of a pedigree. On the bright side Birmingham Dog Track simulcasts thoroughbred racing. Since 1982. 1. A. Remember these races are for fun only! Judges’ decisions are final. wagon rides, live German music, kids’ activities, a wiener dog race, and so much more. In 2012 Alabama is one of the few states that still conducts dog racing, there is no sign horse racing will ever return. Greyhound racing remains legal in the state, however, as a prohibition has not yet passed into law. Reach out directly. The show hours are 7 AM to 7 PM every day. 1997), but some researchers have advanced a dual origin hypothesis (Frantz et al. details update save claim feature. There will be little. 28-29 at East Alabama Motor Speedway has been increased to $49,000 to win and will pay at least $2,000 to every feature starter. With the unfortunate passage of state law wagering on Greyhound Racing is no longer offered. The Yukon Quest is a 1,000 mile international sled dog race from Whitehorse, Yukon to Fairbanks, Alaska. S. We drove nearly 2 1/2 hours (day trip with friends) to visit the Mobile Greyhound Racing Track. will officially open its new regional facility in Shorter, Alabama, on Saturday. None of Alabama’s other race tracks host live dog races, but all four offer simulcast wagering. For example, 3. It places both the suspect and the dog in an inevitably violent struggle that is of benefit to neither. Pensacola Greyhound Track and Poker Room, Pensacola, Florida. Watch these Bulldogs steal the show in-between live horse racing and all the other attractions Canterbury Park has to offer. Tri-State Greyhound Park is West Virginia's primary gambling attraction. Another dog-friendly event worth checking out is the Pups and Pastries race. SHORTER, Ala. Fast CAT Basics. Shelby County, AL. 2 seconds, set in 2019 by Dan Wehunt and his German shorthair pointer, Odessa. A. FYFFE, Ala. . Teddy Bear Dogs. April Hamlin's 2-year-old dog wasn't expected to be a factor during Jan. S. , James. LEEDS, Ala. (File/The Birmingham News) MAY 3, 1963 -- With an estimated 40 percent of the student body at the all-black Parker High School skipping. Published: Oct. Lost & Found Dogs, Cats, and Other Pets in Alabama. Greenetrack is a combination race track and casino which is called a racino. Gambling fanatics in Alabama indulge in betting sports using pari-mutuel pools. Come join us! November Simulcast Dog Racing Calendar November Simulcast Horse Racing Calendar November Promotion Calendar December Simulcast Dog Racing Calendar December Simulcast Horse. Mobile Greyhound Park. City Location Jefferson County, AL. Greyhound racing is an organized, competitive sport in which greyhounds are raced around a track. Welcome to the Mad Brit's New “OneWorld Canine Obstacle Run” in Anniston, AL What is the OneWorld Canine Obstacle Run? The event is run by teams of owner/dog. Only 33 mushers will participate in the ceremonial start of the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race on Saturday, the smallest field ever to take their dog teams nearly 1,000 miles (1,609. The Birmingham campaign, also known as the Birmingham movement or Birmingham confrontation, was an American movement organized in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama. AL. How: Register/More Info. Trail Festival at Pineland Farms Canicross 5K Competitive & Fun. Ryan Redington becomes the sixth Alaska Native to win the world’s most prestigious dog-sledding race in Nome, Alaska. Jun 2014 • Friends. We also like betting on the dog races. 1. One Click Race Finder;. Payne, AL. Dog racing is legal and active in the following states: Iowa, Texas, Arkansas, Alabama, Florida, and West Virginia. 1971: Long-time Battle for betting on Races: The law was changed, and The Supreme Court legalized pari-mutuel betting, greyhound racing and horse racing. - The crowd was not what. The loss ends a turbulent campaign. 01, 2022, 3:32 p. If it passes the legislature, residents can vote on it in the 2022 election. The system of segregation in Birmingham, Alabama, was enforced by the Commissioner of Public Safety, Eugene “Bull” Connor. Greyhound racing began in Mobile in 1973. by Rex Nelson. CLUB NAME Midsouth Disc Dogs CONTACT NAME Jessica Gatewood CONTACT EMAIL Jdgatewood16@gmail. Feature Filed 10. Akita Inu. The wiener dog races are held in between the live horse racing program. pick 3 and you must pick all 3 winners, etc. We use cookies to capture information such as IP addresses and tailor the website to our clients' needs. Free horse racing picks and handicapping expert selections every Saturday for New York. On the bright side Birmingham Dog Track simulcasts. (Bill Hudson/AP)Dogs like Greyhounds have been known to reach speeds over 36 miles per hour, and even the tiny Chihuahuas have been clocked at over 19 miles per hour. DockDogs was born in 2000 to create a nationally recognized competitive sport based on rules and precedents in Track and Field competitions. Greenetrack is a 24/7 casino gaming center with a variety of gaming machines, and also offers daily dog and thoroughbred horse racing simulcasting from more than 40 different tracks. West Virginia still advertises Greyhound dog tracks. The nearly 1,000-mile race started March 5 in Willow for 33 mushers, who. Minors are not permitted in the wagering areas. Alabama Alberta Arizona Arkansas Australia California Canada Central Texas Colorado Dallas / Fort Worth East Texas Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Michigan Minnesota Mississippi. Greyhound racing remains legal in the state, however, as a prohibition has not yet passed into law. Location (i. 2023/08/27. The Birmingham Race Course, which began in 1987 as a Thoroughbred racing facility and which added greyhound racing in 1992, has run its last live race. SHARE. They feature greyhound dog races as well as other types of gambling fun. 2020 6:00 a. , the parent company of the Kentucky Derby. – Last weekend, the Huntsville Havoc held their 7th annual Wiener Dog race. Home All Breeds Top Stories. The announcement came on April 22 from Kip Keefer, the head of the Birmingham Racing Commission, after he found out from track owners. , Theodore, AL 36582 (251) 653-5000 ext. Established almost 50 years ago, this humane society is a well-respected rescue organization dedicated to animal welfare. The tracks run live dog races only, after the Birmingham Race Track discontinued live horse racing in 1992. Decline of dog racing. MAY 21, 2023 | Montgomery, Alabama. "Florida was the mecca (of dog racing), the base, the largest state with the most tracks," Humane Society Florida Director Kate. Or call (256) 734-9157 or email [email protected] is one of the nation’s best greyhound racing betting sites thanks to its strong promotional lineup and plethora of handicapping resources. All Races Find by State; Find by Name; Virtual; Counts; Calendar; Saved; Claimed; Overview; Classic Races Find by. 2 Oct 22, 2023. Over 20 obstacles scattered through 3. Wiener Dog Race Registration. Red boy jocko, grand champion, mayday, Eli jeep online pedigree on al. Jan. S. Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Iowa, Kansas, Oregon, Texas, West Virginia, and Wisconsin all have legal dog racing. Jessie Holmes, an Odenville, Alabama native living in the Alaska community of Brushkana, was the first musher to leave across a frozen lake about 70 miles (112 kilometers) north of Anchorage. Macon County Greyhound Inc. Owner/Dog teams will run together on more than 30+ obstacles over the most challenging terrain, including natural and manmade obstacles, dense woodlands, dirt, sand, and water. This is the fastest of the racing dog breeds that can reach speeds of 45 miles per hour. (Ala. The Wienerschnitzel Wiener Nationals will get underway at 6:30 p. Tickets are just $20 for the general public ($8 for children ages 5-12). Fort Morgan Beach. In 1970 French author Romain Gary published his novel White Dog, a semi-biographical work that imaginatively recreated the author’s experiences with American race relations in 1960s Southern California. S. Dogs race against a clock as they navigate an obstacle course with strong. 3K likes. Ezra Shaw / Getty Images. HUNTSVILLE, AL – The Huntsville Havoc are excited to announce their full promotional schedule for the 2021-22 SPHL season!. The tracks run live dog races only, after the Birmingham Race Track discontinued live horse racing in 1992. Track side simulcast wagering will be available during live racing, Wednesday-Sunday, from 10am-6pm. The best Mud Run - Obstacle Race in Alabama! Only 30 min NE of Birmingham, AL and about 2 hours west of Atlanta. Thursday, Friday & Saturday – 9am-8pm. 00 odds and 1. Nearby Races; Submit a Race to BTC; Event Director Resources; Training. Greyhounds were originally bred to. The race to Nome began Sunday for 33 mushers in this year’s Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race in Alaska. Bring your dog to the 5K race or participate in the 5K or 15K without a dog. 1-251-653-5000. There is also a full service bar and grill as well as community prizes waiting for you. Last modified on Fri 14 Jul 2017 16. 5K, 1M run. 5K, 1M run. One of the race criticisms from the Southern. These cases occurred in all seven states with active dog tracks and in the state of Kansas. About. The Samoyed, Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky, and Chinook are some of the most well-known of the sled dog breeds. If you would like us to update or add your local dog-friendly race event, or if you're interested in becoming an Iron Doggy™ selected event, please send us a message . Commission Meeting, Texas Racing Commission, April 12, 2016. . Mo Brooks in a primary runoff after former President Donald Trump took the unusual step of rescinding his initial Brooks endorsement. Dimples is a striking black & white dog who is very friendly, sociable with people and very affectionate and gentle with kids. After 90 years of live racing, its last dog crossed the finish line on May 4, 2019. Fri, Dec 30, 2022 @ 07:00 PM CST. 2 Dec 2, 2023. United Kennel Club (UKC) is an international dog registry celebrating bonds, rewarding ability, and preserving the value of a pedigree. $150 to start. Airedale Terrier. To do this, know the. Bessemer, AL (35020) Today. Place a bet on greyhound racing now. details update save claim feature. South Alabama Speedway, Kinston, Alabama. ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) — The second half-century for the world’s most famous sled dog race is getting off to a rough start. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for the best Race Tracks in Gulf Shores, AL. 2. Mushers and their sled dogs will race three days in a row, continuing Saturday and Sunday, to compete for the fastest overall time, and their slice of a $55,000 purse. Dozens of people sit scattered at tables and counters. Place a bet on greyhound racing now. On August 12, 2010, VictoryLand closed its casino, restaurant and hotel operations. Only dachshunds participating in. Description. $31. Dogs are goofy and loveable—cats are sneaky and evil. Granite Bay, CA 95746 (Granite Beach, Folsom Lake SRA), August 27th, 2023 at 08:00 am. By larrytheuniqueone. 2,660 likes · 3,138 were here. This world-class paddle race is one of the toughest yet most rewarding on the planet. ) 3/8 of a mile (1,980 ft. Chow Chow Bite Force. OKTOBERFEST TICKET. Free Horse Racing Picks. SNCOA 50th Anniversary 5K. As of January 2020, greyhound racing is legal in nine U. The least populous of the compared places has a population of 13,585. Whatever the reason, we can add the Dump Stat Koira to the long list of dog homebrew. Like with most game, you’ll need a hunting license and a few permits to hunt ducks in Alabama. Browse through our list of dog breeds, and find the best dog for you. More than 210 Republicans who questioned the 2020 election have won seats in the U. C. Gift dogs on PTSD can help ground your handler to reality, prevent people from crowding or rushing up toward their and. There is also a full service bar and grill as well as community prizes waiting for you. There are two types of casinos currently in operation in the state of Alabama: Indian casinos ; Former dog racing tracks ; The latter group has been under siege at times from lawmakers who have accused them of illegal actions. Most states have outlawed dog racing, but there are nine that still allow the sport. Hairless Dog Breeds. Thanks to TikTok, the University of Alabama’s. ) 7/16 of a mile (2,310 ft. They are easily housetrained, shed only slightly and rarely bark. 27, 2022 at 12:17 PM PST. Holmes works as a carpenter and appears on the. Standard human fear response coupled with historical use of dogs in a racially biased manner creates a catch-22. 7,535 popular · 277 talking regarding this · 134 were here. The fastest recorded mile for a human and dog pair is 4 minutes and 6. Oak Mountain State Park, Pelham, AL. Before Jimmy Lee Dykes dug a bunker, before he kidnapped 5-year-old Ethan and shot his bus driver dead, he liked to bet on dog races, according to his friend and former neighbor, George Arnold. We also use this information to target and measure promotional material. District Court judge rejected a lawsuit by the greyhound industry that sought to overturn Amendment 13, the historic measure that ended greyhound racing in Florida, the biggest. 5k; 2023/04/22. This is the Great Alabama 650, founded in 2019, the second longest paddling race in the world. The Birmingham Race Course (originally the Birmingham Turf Club) is a greyhound racetrack located on Derby Parkway, off John Rogers Drive, in Birmingham, Alabama. 7101 Old Pascagoula Rd. 2016) with centers in southern China by 15 kya (Wang et al. We offer simulcast horse and greyhound racing. With the addition of dog races, the track set a single day record betting handle of $1,726,588 on May 1, 1993. details update save claim feature. Posted on May 10, 2023 by admin. Fort Morgan Beach. Present biogeographic. Alabama Half Marathons in November 2023. Register for This Year’sGreat Alabama 650 Paddle Race. Airedale Terrier. PAW Palooza & Wiener Dog Race. From the spacious 13,000-square-foot Grandstand, you’ll have a clear view of the Homestretch, Finish Line, and Winners Circle. Human races are not like dog breeds: refuting a racist analogy, Evolution: Education and Outreach (2019). Animals—23 dogs. Code, § 19-23-8c); (A. S. $45. Plan your trip to see us with our monthly greyhound dog and horse simulcast racing calendar. You can select an example or even a package of templates for running your organization's processes efficiently. $65-$90 Slacker Half Marathon (+ Relay)Live greyhound racing will be barreling around the racetrack every Wednesday through Sunday with simulcast racing available daily. Greyhound racing moved closer than ever to its certain demise in the United States this week, with two significant victories in Florida and Alabama. Race details can change When we aren't lookin. Paw Palooza & Wiener Dog Race - Saturday, September 11, 2021 - 9 am - 1 pm - Stadium Park 2066 High School Road Hueytown, Alabama Connecticut has its Commissioner of Consumer Protection supervise and regulate dog racing. e. . Annual total handle for the race course peaked that year at $163 million ($116 million of which was placed on dog races) and has declined each year since. Kristy Berington. Description. m. VictoryLand is conveniently located at Exit 22 off Interstate 85 between Montgomery and Tuskegee, Alabama, USA. The Tuscaloosa Cameo Guild will hold its annual Heritage Costume 5K, Fun Run, and Dog Walk at Sokol Park on October 22nd, 2023, at 2pm. Learn about the legalities of betting on greyhound dog races online in 2023. Martin Luther King, Jr. Ryan Redington celebrates his win at the 2023 Iditarod race with dogs Ghost. Dog Breeds List. Expired. 28, 2022 at 4:17 PM PDT. After Florida’s. Welcome to Mobile Greyhound Park. Flyball, or The Ultimate Dog Relay, features teams of trained dogs competing in a 51-ft. The Jack Pine 30 - Feb. Race and Ethnicity by Place in Alabama. Code 1975 § 11-65-4); (W. 30, 2018, and races were supposed to resume Jan. they did have monitors of dog and horse racing at other tracks, that you bet on by automated machines. $30. Pet Policy: At Motel 6, well-behaved pets and service animals always stay free. Greyhound racing's decline began years ago with the spread of casino-style gambling. S. ISD 196 M. Unsurprisingly, there are several noted cases of animal cruelty and neglect in the dog racing industry. In 1983, Greene and Macon counties established racing commissions, and then the Birmingham Racing Commission was incorporated in Jefferson County the following year. Carnival Rides, Fair Food, Attractions, Shows & More!Tue 26 Jan 2016 14. , with proceeds from the event benefiting the Seal Beach Animal. Eastern. Place a bet on greyhound racing now. Get Birmingham Race Course facts and other greyhound racing information at GreyhoundRacing. Distance Raced: 5/16th and 3/8th mile races; Getting to Birmingham Race Course. From Business: Montgomery Motor Speedway is the premier and oldest asphalt short track facility in the Southeast. Alabama, Arkansas, Texas, Iowa, and Texas support dog racing as a legal activity and have active dog race track facilities. The propriety of the State of Alabama electing to currently pursue action against only one facility is of great. Average rating: 5 / 5 from 13 reviews. The mechanical lure was invented and used. They will get a shirt and medal. an Alabama native living in the Alaska community of Brushkana, was the first musher to leave across a frozen lake about 70 miles (112 kilometers) north of Anchorage. (Anne Raup/Anchorage Daily News) Sass. Candidate Supported Opposed All 2020 Total (Supported and Opposed) Jones, Doug (D) $703,302: $1,845,802: $2,549,104: Tuberville, Tommy (R) $1,486,825Events Calendar of Alabama fall festivals for 2023. Airedale Terriers are active, tenacious dogs with distinctive wooly coats. Ludivine, a two-and-a-half-year-old bloodhound, was. The publication reported that. There are over 300 Dog Breeds recognized worldwide, with most breeds falling into one of 7 breed groups. The racing distance of US greyhound tracks are generally classified as: 5/16 of a mile (1,650 ft. The story behind the race&#82…EBRO Greyhound Park is famous for having one of the most exciting dog racing tracks in the Southeast. The AKC Performance Events Department wants to assist clubs as much as possible during these unprecedented times. May 24, 2022 at 1:00 a. Dog Races Detail. If you are running with your canine coach, your pup is eligible to win a medal, too!The Magnolia Run is a 5K Run, 5K Race/Walk and 1 Mile Fun Run that welcomes around 300 participants and takes place in Magnolia Springs down a beautiful scenic route with majestic oak branch canopies overhanging the road, lovely azaleas, flowering plants, and historic homes. Phone: (270) 984-4200. -- Pato O’Ward made a conscious decision to stop worrying about his. ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) — The second half-century for the world’s most famous sled dog race is getting off to a rough start. SHORTER, Ala. Alabama opened it's first in only thoroughbred Pari-Mutual wagering facility 1987. The event runs from September 7th to the 11th. House and Senate and in state races for governor, secretary of state and attorney general, according to. 4. - The crowd was not what. Tails & Trails Dog-Friendly 5K Fun Run. Abstract Objective—To describe the character and frequency of causes of death and associated lesions in long-distance racing sled dogs. Toll-free Support at 1-855-941-1010 or email OTB at [email protected] exhilarating experience for mushers, sled dogs, and viewers alike, the race is, as Rob Urbach (president and CEO. If you’re certain the dog on 3. The erect ears and full, luminous eyes are acutely. The publication reported that greyhound racing remains active in four states–Alabama, Arkansas, Iowa, Texas, and West Virginia. Alabama, West Virginia, Arkansas, and Kansas require that municipalities or counties obtain approval from a local option election in order to obtain a license. This breed is alert, outgoing, and playful. $30-$65 Salkehatchie Shuffle Canicross 5K/10K/Half MarathonBirmingham Race Course sportsbook review provides details about the establishment in the state of Alabama. S. Alabama Dog Racing News Monitoring Service from EIN News; Media Monitoring & Online News Monitoring of Alabama Dog Racing Dog Racing News Today Questions? +1 (202) 335-3939September 25, 2023 Montgomery, Alabama: As the season winds down it is the street stocks turn to celebrate the tracks 70th anniversary 1953-2023 with a special 70 lap contest. Road 208. Local Saturday Night Short Track RacingRequirements/Cost For Duck Hunting in Alabama. pick 3 and you must pick all 3 winners, etc. US Legal Forms is a web-based library that offers fillable samples for Alabama Dog races. Visit the racetrack today to experience the exciting races at the dog track!Published: Feb. The Beagle is a popular choice in Alabama,. g. No bookie offering its services in the US is quite as good as BetOnline. g. The Cruelty of Greyhound Dog Racing. GOP Gov. MOBILE, Ala. Section 45-32-150. 126 Toll-free: (800) 272-5000; Visit Website. Experience the adrenaline-pumping action of "Track Race - Best Dog Race 2019 - Greyhound Racing". Bloodhound joins half-marathon, finishes 7th. . Pari-mutuel wagering; hours of racetrack operation and number of races. 3K likes. More information: Heather L. The video showcases the speed and agility of these incredib. The Wiener Nationals features all the excitement of a Quarter Horse race, with around 100 dachshunds showing their stuff in front of a packed house at Los Alamitos. Eatuw AL 35462. Place a bet on greyhound racing now. Watch & wager on live greyhound races at Wheeling Island Racetrack. With the addition of dog races, the track set a single day record betting handle of $1,726,588 on May 1, 1993. Dogs are welcomed on the trail but must be kept on a leash. And once in a while we simply make a. The race to Nome began Sunday for 33 mushers in this year’s Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race in Alaska. Great place my first two day's I won!Today I hit the community jackpot!I really enjoy the free play and give. S. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for the best Race Tracks in Mobile, AL. All dogs are descended from ancient wolves (Vilà et al. tracks closed at the end of 2020. Fast CAT is a timed straight race of 100 yards. The dog racing business, at once doomed and propped up by casino gambling, has come to a crossroads. were in fact legal under loopholes in Alabama law. TALLADEGA, Alabama—The Pontiac with a broken headlight sped away from pursuing police, screeched around a corner and skidded to a stop, blocked by a patrol car with its emergency lights flashing. Dogs run one at a time. There are two forms of greyhound racing, track racing (normally around an oval track) and coursing; the latter is now banned in most countries. ”.